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Dietary Patterns

Category: Dietary Patterns (II) (Poster Session)

Dietary Patterns (II) (Poster Session)

(P32-26-26) Nutrient Profiles of Usual Diets of Adults Compared to a Matched Healthy Midwestern vs. Mediterranean Diet

Monday, July 27, 2026
9:30 AM - 10:30 AM ET
Location: Poster Board E-93
Disclosure(s):
Lisa A. Spence, PhD, RD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Sixtus Aguree, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Kevin C. Maki, PhD: 89Bio: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing)
ACH Food Companies: Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Bragg Live Food Products: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing)
Campbell's: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing)
Cargill: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Eli Lilly and Company: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Esperion Therapeutics: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
General Mills Inc.: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Global Organization for EPA and DHA: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Greenyn Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Hass Avocado Board: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Helaina: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Hershey: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Indiana University Foundation: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Lonza: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing)
Matinas Biopharma: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
MDLifespan: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Medifast, Inc.: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
National Cattlemen's Beef Association/Beef Checkoff: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
National Dairy Council: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Naturmega: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
NewAmsterdam Pharma: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
NorthSea Therapeutics: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing)
Novo Nordisk: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing); Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Pepsico: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Pharmavite: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Ro: Grant/Research Support (Ongoing)
Seed, Inc.: Advisory Committee/Board Member (Ongoing); Consultant (Ongoing)


Objectives: To compare the nutrient profiles of adults’ usual diets to matched Midwestern (MW) vs. Mediterranean (MED) diets.

Methods: Usual diets were assessed from 3-day diet records of 17 adults (22-65+ yr) who participated in a randomized, cross-over, controlled diet intervention investigating the impact of MW vs. MED diets on acceptability and adherence. Study diets were matched for calories, macronutrients, and met micronutrient requirements. Energy content of the study diets was adjusted to meet participants’ needs. The MW diet incorporated pork to provide 25% of the weekly protein. Study diets (7-day) and participants’ dietary records (3-day) were analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (University of Minnesota, MN) and presented as mean±SD.

Results: Participants’ self-reported energy intake was 1947±654 kcal/d which is susceptible to underreporting. The participants’ percent energy intake from protein, carbohydrate, and fat was 17±6, 44±10, and 37±8% compared to the study diets which provided 22-24, 44-45, and 31-32%, respectively. The participants’ percent energy intake from saturated fat and added sugar was 12±3 and 9±7%, respectively, compared to the study diets’ percent energy from saturated fat (MW 8±1% vs. MED 6±1%) and added sugar (MW 5±2% vs. MED 2±1%). Participants’ usual fiber intake was 19±8 g/d compared to the MW (29±4 g/d) and MED (37±8 g/d) diets. Sodium intake was higher in the participants’ usual diets (2809±1523 mg/d) compared to the MW (1985±290 mg/d) and MED (1643±478 mg/d) diets. Both the MW and MED diets provided more potassium (MW 4236±363 mg/d vs. MED 4049±542 mg/d), calcium (MW 1777±137 mg/d vs. MED 1238±146 mg/d), iron (MW 22±3 mg/d vs. MED 20±7 mg/d), and vitamin D (MW 15±2 mcg/d vs. MED 16±6 mcg/d) compared to the participants’ usual intakes (potassium 2624±951 mg/d, calcium 851±455 mg/d, iron 13±7 mg/d, vitamin D 8±11 mcg/d). The Healthy Eating Index score of the study diets was ~2 times higher than that of the participants’ diets (MW 90, MED 94, usual diet 55).

Conclusions: The MW and MED diets provided more protein, fiber, potassium, calcium, iron, and vitamin D and less saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium compared to the participants’ usual diets. The study diets provided better diet quality than participants' usual diets.

Funding Sources: The National Pork Board