(P06-08-26) Postprandial Glucose Responses to Mixed Meal Tests in Hispanic Adolescents With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Preliminary Analysis

Objectives: PCOS in adolescents increases Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk. Dysglycemia contributes to and reflects T2D and is associated with diet composition. Thus, glycemic response to meal composition may be important for dietary interventions in adolescent PCOS. We present a preliminary analysis of an ongoing study to assess whether postprandial glycemic responses measured via blinded Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) differ by macronutrient composition, by PCOS status, and presence of biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA).

Methods: Adolescent females without PCOS (No PCOS, n=6) and with PCOS (n=7) were included; participants were also categorized as HA (n=8) vs not hyperandrogenic (NA; n=8). Participants consumed 4 mixed meal tests (MMTs) varying by glycemic load (GL; higher vs lower) and fat/protein (nut butter; present or absent) after an overnight fast during CGM wear. Glycemic responses were measured over 3 hours; unfinished meals were excluded from analyses. Mixed-effects models evaluated differences in glycemic response to MMTs attributed to meal composition; Wilcoxon signed-rank tests contrasted glycemic responses by reproductive phenotypes for each MMT.

Results: Lower GL MMTs were associated with reduced peak glucose [Least Squared Mean Difference (LSMD) = -25.7 (-36.2 – -15.2) mg/dL, p < 0.01], magnitude of glycemic response [excursion; LSMD -11.5 (-19.5 – -3.4) mg/dL, p < 0.01], and total AUC [LSMD -1426.8 (-2481.7 – -372.0) mg•min/dL, p < 0.01] vs higher GL MMTs. MMTs without nut butter had higher excursions [LSMD 10.0 (2.1 – 18.0) mg/dL, p < 0.02]. Glycemic outcomes by PCOS status were similar. HA was associated with glycemic responses to MMTs; of note, median postprandial excursion was greater in HA vs NA following the higher GL MMT [48 (39.5 – 62) vs 28 (16 - 36) mg/dL, p < 0.02].

Conclusions: Postprandial glycemic responses differ by macronutrient composition and hyperandrogenic status; research is ongoing to corroborate these findings in a larger sample size.

Funding Sources: Texas A&M AgriLife, Global Institute for Hispanic Health. This material is based upon work supported by the Texas A&M AgriLife Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture (IHA) and the USDA-ARS, under agmt 58-3091-1-018. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of USDA.