(PTFS11-04-26) Predictors of Food Label Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use Among Consumers in Nigeria: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: Evidence on consumer engagement with food labeling in low- and middle-income countries remains limited, particularly at the national level. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food labeling among consumers across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones and identified socio-demographic predictors influencing label utilization.

Methods: A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults aged ≥18 years across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones (n=520). A structured questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics and food label knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Knowledge and practice scores were derived from correct responses, while attitudes were measured using Likert-scale items. Scores were categorized as poor, insufficient, moderate, or good. Descriptive statistics summarized respondent characteristics. Associations between socio-demographic variables and KAP outcomes were examined using chi-square tests. Multiple linear regression models identified independent predictors of knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Results: Overall awareness of food labeling was high (81.7%), with social media (59.5%) and schools (29.2%) identified as primary information sources. Most respondents demonstrated moderate-to-good knowledge (77.7%) and acceptable or good attitudes toward food labels (57.5%), yet effective utilization remained limited, with 51.5% exhibiting poor or inappropriate labeling practices. Geopolitical zone was significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (P < 0.05). Higher educational attainment independently predicted greater knowledge (β=1.045, P< 0.001). Knowledge significantly influenced attitudes (β=1.767, P=0.037), and both knowledge (β=0.326, P=0.002) and attitudes (β=6.073, P< 0.001) independently predicted improved labeling practices.

Conclusions: Although awareness and attitudes toward food labeling are generally favorable among Nigerian consumers, effective utilization remains suboptimal. Addressing this knowledge–practice gap through targeted nutrition education, simplified labeling formats, and strengthened regulatory oversight could strengthen the effectiveness of nutrition labeling as a population-level strategy for healthier dietary choices.

Funding Sources: Self-funded