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(OR05-06-26) Carbohydrate Intake Timing, Metabolomics, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Differ by Insulin Resistance Status in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Saturday, July 25, 2026
11:00 AM - 11:12 AM ET
Location: Maryland Ballroom C
Disclosure(s):
Yanbo Zhang, PhD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Sarah K. Alver, PhD, RD: No relevant financial relationship(s) with ineligible companies to disclose.
Objectives: Since insulin resistance (IR) alters diurnal glucose metabolism, we tested if associations of carbohydrate intake timing with blood metabolites and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk differ by IR status.

Methods: In a population-based prospective cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults (18-70 y), 12 297 participants free of baseline CVD and cancer were followed for a median of 11.4 y (276 incident CVD events: myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure). Two 24-h dietary recalls captured time-stamped intake. Carbohydrate intake timing was assessed by the proportion of daily intake across early morning (6-9 am), late morning (9 am-12 pm), afternoon (12-6 pm), evening (6 pm-12 am), and night (12-6 am). IR was defined as fasting insulin in the top quartile (≥15 mU/L) or diabetes. Whether IR modifies associations between carbohydrate intake timing (per 5% increase), untargeted metabolites (linear regression), and CVD risk (Cox model) was tested, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, dietary (e.g., daily energy and carbohydrate intake, HEI, protein and fat intake at the same time), and health covariates.

Results: Early morning carbohydrate intake was inversely related to CVD in both groups but more strongly among those without IR (HR [95% CI]: 0.74 [0.62-0.87] vs 0.88 [0.78-0.99]; P-interaction=.033). Late morning intake was related to lower CVD risk only among those with IR (0.82 [0.71-0.94] vs 0.93 [0.82-1.06]; P-int=.070). Afternoon intake was related to higher CVD risk only among those with IR (1.14 [1.02-1.26] vs 1.01 [0.92-1.11]; P-int=.017). Evening intake was related to higher risk only among those without IR (1.14 [1.04-1.24] vs 1.01 [0.92-1.11]; P-int=.008).

IR modified associations of early morning carbohydrate intake with three branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolites (q-int < .10), including isoleucine, which was positively related to CVD risk only among those with IR (P-int=.040). IR modified associations of late morning carbohydrate intake with 18 metabolites, including14 lipid metabolites. Among them, six acyl cholines were inversely related to CVD risk only among those with IR (P-int < .028; e.g., oleoylcholine HR per SD: 0.62 [0.49-0.79] vs 1.03 [0.76-1.38]).

Conclusions: Carbohydrate intake timing is differentially related to CVD risk by IR status, with distinct metabolomic signatures involving BCAA and lipid pathways.

Funding Sources: None