(P24-22-26) Facilitators and Barriers to WIC Participation and Retention in Rhode Island: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: Improvements in the health of women and children (0-5 years) are well-known benefits of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). However, WIC remains underutilized in many states, including Rhode Island (RI), where participation drops notably as children age. This qualitative study aimed to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on participation and early dropout from WIC in RI.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews among 3-4 staff each from the major WIC agencies (n=18) and current WIC participants (n=10) in Rhode Island. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a deductive thematic approach guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results: Stakeholders cited several facilitators of enrollment, including simplified and flexible application processes, virtual appointments, availability of nutritious food benefits, and healthcare provider referrals. Barriers to enrollment included transportation challenges, immigration-related concerns, limited community outreach, and insufficient digital or social media presence. Continued participation was supported by positive program interactions, access to infant formulas, and referrals to health and social services. Early dropout was associated with caregivers’ competing life demands, difficulties attending in-person appointments, perceived inflexibility of food packages, and the availability of alternative assistance programs with fewer requirements.

Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for expanded outreach, mobile clinic availability, and enhanced flexibility in food benefit options to address WIC underutilization in RI and probably in many other states. Further studies should evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches on WIC participant engagement and health outcomes.

Funding Sources: Rhode Island Medical Foundation